2nd Session, 38th Parliament – November 29, 2006
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1 Margot Shields, (2006), “Overweight Canadian children and adolescents,” Nutrition: Findings of the Canadian Community Health Survey, (Ottawa: Statistics Canada), 82-620-MWE, 2. Note: information in Figures 1 and 2 are derived from this work.
2 See Arkansas Center for Health Improvement, (2006), Tracking Progress: The Third Annual Arkansas Assessment of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity. (Little Rock: The Center).
3 Jolanda Maas, et al, (2006), “Green space, urbanity, and health: how strong is the relation?” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60(7), 591.
4 R. Sturm and and D. Cohen, (2004), “Suburban sprawl and physical and mental health,” Public Health, 118(7), 488-96.
5 T. Olds, et al., (2006), “Screenieboppers and extreme screenies: the place of screen time in the time budgets of 10-13 year-old Australian children,” Australian New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 30(2), 2006, 137-42.
6 Marion Nestle and Michael F. Jacobson, (2000), “Halting the Obesity Epidemic: A Public Health Policy Approach,” Public Health Reports, 115, 12.
8 Dr. Mark Tremblay, BC Forum on Childhood Obesity, March 2005.
9 R. Sturm, (2005), “Childhood obesity — what we can learn from existing data on societal trends, Part 2.” Preventing Chronic Disease, 2005. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jan/04_0038.htm.
10 D.E.Bowers, (2000), “Cooking trends echo changing roles of women,” Food Review (23) 2000: 23–29.
12 C.W. Enns et al., “Trends in food and nutrient intakes by children in the United States,” Family Economics and Nutrition Review, 14(2), 2002: 56–68.
13 C. Ebbeling, D. Pawlak and D. Ludwig (2002), “Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure,”The Lancet, 360 (9331): 473-482.
14 S.J. Neilson, and B.M Popkin, (2003), “Patterns and trends in food portion sizes, 1977-1998,” Journal of the American Medical Association, January 22/29, Vol. 289, No. 4: 453.
16 J. Schwartz, and C. Byrd-Bredbenner, (2006) “Portion distortion: typical portion sizes selected by young adults,” Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 106(9): 1412-1418.
17 Perry R. W. Kendall, (2006), Provincial Health Officer’s Annual Report 2005: Food, Health and Well-Being in British Columbia. (Office of the Provincial Health Officer, Victoria, B.C.), pp 55-56.
18 M.Tremblay and J.Willms, (2000), “Secular trends in the body mass index of Canadian children, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 163 (11), 1429–33.
20 Dieticians of Canada, (2006), The Cost of Eating in BC, (Vancouver: Dieticians of Canada, BC Region), 7.
21 David J. Connell et al., (2006), Economic and Community Impacts of Farmers Markets in British Columbia, (Prince George: University of Northern British Columbia), 1. http://www.unbc.ca/assets/planning/localfood/reports/unbc_province_report.pdf.
23 First Nations Regional Longitudinal Health Survey (RHS) 2002/2003, Results for Adults, Youth and Children Living in First Nations Communities, (Ottawa: First Nations Centre), p. 261. Available on-line at http://www.naho.ca/firstnations/english/documents/RHS2002-03TechnicalReport_001.pdf.
24 Statistics Canada, (2003), Aboriginal Peoples of Canada: a Demographic Profile, ( Ottawa: Statistics Canada), 169. Available on-line at http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/abor/pdf/96F0030XIE2001007.pdf.
25 Perry R.W Kendall, (2005), Annual Report 2004: The Impact of Diabetes on the Health and Well-being of People in British Columbia, (British Columbia, Ministry of Health, Victoria, B.C.)
28 Transformative Change Accord, First Ministers Meeting, November 25, 2005 Kelowna, BC. Available on-line at http://www.ubcic.bc.ca/issues/transformativechange.htm.
29 Camille Bains, “Indo-Canadians face a diabetes epidemic,” The Province, Sept, 24, 2006, A18.
30 See Milan Gupta et al., (2002), “Risk factors, hospital management and outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in South Asian Canadians and matched controlled subjects,” CMAJ, 166(6), 717; Shahnaz Davachi et al., (2005), “A health region / community partnership for Type 2 diabetes risk factor screening in Indo-Asian communities,” Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 29(2), 87-94.
31 Dr. Gary Randhawa, Kelowna Medical Society, British Columbia Medical Association, testimony before the Select Standing Committee on Finance and Government Services, British Columbia Legislature , Kelowna, B.C., October 13, 2005.
32 Budget figures for ActNow BC were provided in briefing materials provided by Dr. Penny Ballem during her presentation to the Select Standing Committee on Health on May 4, 2006.
33 See BC Healthy Living Alliance, (2006), The Winning Legacy: A Plan for Improving the Health of British Columbians by 2010, and Risk Factor Interventions: An Overview of their Effectiveness. Available online at http://www.bchealthyliving.ca.
34 Select Standing Committee on Health, (2004), The Path to Health and Wellness: Making British Columbians Healthier by 2010, (Victoria: The Committee), p.20.
37 Government of British Columbia, (2005), Guidelines for Food and Beverage Sale in B.C. Schools, ( Victoria), Available on-line: http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/health/guidelines_sales.pdf.
38 Fred Kuchler, Abebayehu Tegene, and Michael J. Harris, (2005), “Taxing snack foods: manipulating diet quality or financing information programs?” Review of Agricultural Economics, 27(1), 4-20. See also J. Stephen Clark, (2006), “Fat taxes as a policy instrument to control obesity,” Written submission to the Select Standing Committee on Health.
39 Under the Social Services Tax Act Regulations, Section 2.1 “Definition: food product” currently reads as follows: “‘Food products’ includes cereals and cereal products, milk and milk products, meat and meat products, fish and fish products, eggs and egg products, spices and salt, sugar and sugar products, coffee and coffee substitutes, tea, cocoa and cocoa products, but does not include spirituous, malt or vinous liquors. Where spirituous, malt, vinous liquors or other alcoholic beverages are served with a prepared meal, they shall not be considered as part thereof.”
40 See Michael F. Jacobson and Kelly D. Brownell, (2000), “Small taxes on soft drinks and snack food to promote health,” American Journal of Public Health, 90 (6): 854-857. In 2005, Kentucky had an estimated population 4.1 million, roughly equal to that of British Columbia. In 2000, the Kentucky sales tax of six percent, when applied to “candy, gum, and soft drinks,” generated estimated revenues of $34 million USD. Factoring in inflation and conversion to Canadian funds, plus a seven percent sales tax in B.C., we conservatively estimate that using a restrictive definition or candy, gum, and soft drinks would generate approximately $42 million in new revenue to the province.
41 For more information on the signpost labelling requirements proposed for the United Kingdom, see http://www.food.gov.uk/foodlabelling/signposting.
42 P.R.W. Kendall, (2003), An Ounce of Prevention: A Public Health Rationale for the School as a Setting for Public Health Promotion, Available on-line http://www.healthservices.gov.bc.ca/pho/pdf/o_prevention.pdf.
44 Directorate of Agencies for School Health, (2002), There Still is Need: A picture of school meal programs in British Columbia ( British Columbia: Breakfast for Learning Canadian Living Foundation), 12.
46 See for example, Canadian Institute for Health Information, (2006), Improving the Health of Canadians: Promoting Healthy Weights, (Ottawa: Canadian Institute for Health Information), 23-31.
47 See: MW Gillman et al, “Risk of overweight among adolescents who were breastfed as infants.” JAMA 2001;285:2461-7.; T Harder, et al. “Duration of breastfeeding and risk of overweight: A meta-analysis,” American Journal of Epidemiology, 2005;162:397-403. and MW Gillman et al, “Breastfeeding and overweight in adolescence,” Epidemiology 2006:17(1):112-114.
48 See http://www.cps.ca/english/statements/N/BreastfeedingMar05.htm.
50 See Ministry of Children and Family Development. Early Childhood Development http://www.mcf.gov.bc.ca/early_childhood/index.htm.
51 C. Ogden etal. (2002), “Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999–2000,” Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(14),1728-32.
52 Patricia M. Canning, Mary L. Courage and Lynn M. Frizzell, (2004), “Prevalence of overweight and obesity in a provincial population of Canadian preschool children,” Canadian Medical Association Journal, 17 (3), 240-42. Available on-line: http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/171/3/240.
53 See: Media Release: New Program Promotes Health, Reading for Preschoolers, November 21, 2006 http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006EDU0120-001409.pdf.
54 Alan R. Andreasen, (1995), Marketing Social Change, ( San Francisco: Jossey-Bass), 7.
55 Source: Social Marketing Institute webpage, November 21, 2006, http://www.social-marketing.org/sm.html.
56 Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, (2006), Food Marketing to Children and Youth: Threat or Opportunity? (Washington DC: National Academies Press), 169.
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© 2006 Legislative Assembly of British Columbia